Principles

Biomimicry

• Neuromorphic engineering is an interdisciplinary field that aims to develop computer systems inspired by the structure and function of the human brain, using analog very-large-scale integration (aVLSI) circuits to mimic neuro-biological architectures.
• Biological Neural Networks are the networks of interconnected neurons found in the nervous systems of living organisms, which process and transmit information in a fundamentally different manner from artificial neural networks.

Synthetic Biology

• Genetic engineering is the direct manipulation of an organism's genes using biotechnology to alter its genetic makeup, often for the purpose of improving or changing specific traits.
• Cellular Machines are engineered biological systems that integrate synthetic molecular components to perform specific functions, often mimicking natural cellular processes.

Components

Artificial Neurons

• Silicon neurons are artificial neurons made from silicon-based semiconductor materials, designed to mimic the functionality of biological neurons.
• Carbon-based neurons are artificial neurons that mimic the structure and function of biological neurons, using carbon-based materials instead of silicon.

Hybrid Systems

• Biohybrid robots combine biological components, such as living tissue or cells, with artificial robotic systems, leveraging the unique capabilities of both organic and inorganic materials.
• Cyborg Systems combine biological and artificial components, typically focusing on augmenting human capabilities through integration of technological devices.

Methods

Neural Network Training

• Supervised learning is a machine learning technique where the algorithm is trained on labeled data to predict outputs for new, unseen inputs.
• Unsupervised learning is a machine learning technique where the algorithm discovers patterns in data without any predetermined labels or target outputs, allowing it to identify hidden structures and relationships within the data independently.

Generic Algorithms

• Selection in genetic algorithms refers to the process of choosing individuals from a population to be parents for the next generation, based on their fitness. This is a key mechanism that drives the algorithm towards optimal solutions.
• Mutation

Evolutionary Computation

• Fitness functions are mathematical formulas used in evolutionary computation to evaluate and select the most optimal solutions from a population of candidate solutions, driving the evolutionary process.
• Crossover Techniques in evolutionary computation refer to the methods used to combine the genetic material of parent solutions to produce offspring solutions, allowing the algorithm to explore new regions of the search space.

Applications

Healthcare

• Prosthetics are artificial devices that replace or support a missing or impaired body part, enabling individuals with disabilities to regain function and independence.
• Brain-Machine Interfaces (BMIs) are systems that establish a direct communication pathway between the brain and external devices, enabling the control of those devices through brain signals alone.

Environmental Monitoring

• Bio-sensors in environmental monitoring utilize biological elements, such as enzymes or microorganisms, to detect and respond to specific chemical or environmental conditions, providing real-time data about the monitored environment.
• Eco-robots are autonomous robotic systems designed to monitor and interact with the environment, gathering data and potentially intervening to maintain ecological balance.

Agriculture

• Smart farming utilizes advanced technologies, such as sensors, robotics, and data analytics, to optimize agricultural processes and improve overall efficiency and productivity.
• Plant-Machine Interfaces enable direct communication and interaction between plants and technological systems, allowing plants to control and influence machine functions.

Technological Challenges

Integration

• Compatibility Issues in the context of Artificial Organic Intelligence refer to the challenges in seamlessly integrating artificial and organic components, ensuring they can function harmoniously and communicate effectively without disruption.
• Interfacing Techniques in the context of Artificial Organic Intelligence refers to the methods used to establish effective communication and data exchange between synthetic and biological components.

Scalability

• Manufacturing Processes for Artificial Organic Intelligence systems are complex, involving the precise fabrication and assembly of biological components at nanoscale dimensions.
• Cost efficiency in artificial organic intelligence refers to the ability to produce these systems in a cost-effective manner, considering factors like materials, manufacturing processes, and scalability.

Durability

• Material Degradation refers to the breakdown and deterioration of the physical materials used in artificial organic intelligence systems over time, which can impact the long-term functionality and lifespan of these technologies.
• Repair Mechanisms refer to the capabilities of an artificial organic system to actively detect and autonomously undertake restorative actions to counteract material degradation and maintain its functional integrity over time.

Future Directions

Advanced Biohybrids

• Enhanced Sensory Systems in advanced biohybrids would provide an individual with augmented perception beyond the normal human range, such as expanded visual, auditory, or olfactory capabilities.
• Improved Mobility in advanced biohybrids would enable enhanced physical capabilities and dexterity beyond natural human limits.

Self-repairing Systems

• Autonomous healing refers to the ability of a system to detect and repair damage or defects within itself, without external intervention, by activating self-repair mechanisms.
• Adaptive materials are engineered to automatically change their properties, structure, or function in response to environmental conditions, without external intervention. This allows them to adapt and reconfigure themselves to maintain optimal performance over time.

Human Augmentation

• Cognitive Enhancement
• Physical Enhancement refers to the use of technology to augment or improve the physical capabilities of the human body, such as strength, endurance, or sensory perception.