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LuoUndergradXJTU/TwiBot-22: Offical repository of TwiBot-22 @ NeurIPS 2022, Datasets and Benchmarks Track.

URL
https://github.com/LuoUndergradXJTU/TwiBot-22

TwiBot-22

This is the official repository of TwiBot-22 @ NeurIPS 2022, Datasets and Benchmarks Track. This dataset is collected from the Twitter website before 2022.

Introduction

TwiBot-22 is the largest and most comprehensive Twitter bot detection benchmark to date. Specifically, TwiBot-22 is designed to address the challenges of limited dataset scale, imcomplete graph structure, and low annotation quality in previous datasets. For more details, please refer to the TwiBot-22 paper and statistics.

image

Dataset Format

Each dataset contains node.json (or tweet.json, user.json, list.json, and hashtag.json for TwiBot-22), label.csv, split.csv and edge.csv (for datasets with graph structure). See here for a detailed description of these files.

How to download TwiBot-22 dataset

TwiBot-22 is available at Google Drive.

Please apply for access by contacting shangbin at cs.washington.edu with your institutional email address and clearly state your institution, your research advisor (if any), and your use case of TwiBot-22.

How to download other datasets

For TwiBot-20, visit the TwiBot-20 github repository.

For other datasets, please visit the Bot Repository.

After downloading these datasets, you can transform them into the 4-file format detailed in "Dataset Format". Alternatively, you can directly download our preprocessed version:

For TwiBot-20, visit the TwiBot-20 github repository, apply for TwiBot-20 access, and there will be a TwiBot-20-Format22.zip in the TwiBot-20 Google Drive link.

For other datasets, you can directly download them from Google Drive. You should adhere to the license of each dataset, the "Content redistribution" section of the Twitter Developer Agreement and Policy, the rules set by the Bot Repository, and only use these datasets for research purposes.

Requirements

  • pip: pip install -r requirements.txt
  • conda : conda install --yes --file requirements.txt

How to run baselines

  1. clone this repo by running git clone https://github.com/LuoUndergradXJTU/TwiBot-22.git
  2. make dataset directory mkdir datasets and download datasets to ./datasets
  3. change directory to src/{name_of_the_baseline}
  4. run experiments under the guidance of corresponding readme.md

Baseline Overview

baseline
paper
acc on Twibot-22
f1 on Twibot-22
type
tags
Abreu et al.
link
0.7066
0.5344
F
random forest
Alhosseini et al.
link
0.4772
0.3810
F G
gcn
BGSRD
link
0.7188
0.2114
F
BERT GAT
Bot Hunter
link
0.7279
0.2346
F
random forest
Botometer
link
0.4987
0.4257
F T G
BotRGCN
link
0.7966
0.5750
F T G
BotRGCN
Cresci et al.
link
-
-
T
DNA
Dehghan et al.
link
-
-
F T G
Graph
Efthimion et al.
link
0.7408
0.2758
F T
efthimion
EvolveBot
link
0.7109
0.1409
F T G
random forest
FriendBot
link
-
-
F T G
random forest
Kipf et al.
link
0.7839
0.5496
F T G
Graph Neural Network
Velickovic et al.
link
0.7948
0.5586
F T G
Graph Neural Network
GraphHist
link
-
-
F T G
random forest
Hayawi et al.
link
0.7650
0.2474
F
lstm
HGT
link
0.7491
0.3960
F T G
Graph Neural Networks
SimpleHGN
link
0.7672
0.4544
F T G
Graph Neural Networks
Kantepe et al.
link
0.7640
0.5870
F T
random forest
Knauth et al.
link
0.7125
0.3709
F T G
random forest
Kouvela et al.
link
0.7644
0.3003
F T
random forest
Kudugunta et al.
link
0.6587
0.5167
F
SMOTENN, random forest
Lee et al.
link
0.7628
0.3041
F T
random forest
LOBO
link
0.7570
0.3857
F T
random forest
Miller et al.
link
0.3037
0.4529
F T
k means
Moghaddam et al.
link
0.7378
0.3207
F G
random forest
NameBot
link
0.7061
0.0050
F
Logistic Regression
RGT
link
0.7647
0.4294
F T G
Graph Neural Networks
RoBERTa
link
0.7207
0.2053
F T
RoBERTa
Rodriguez-Ruiz
link
0.4936
0.5657
F T G
SVM
Santos et al.
link
-
-
F T
decision tree
SATAR
link
-
-
F T G
SGBot
link
0.7508
0.3659
F T
random forest
T5
link
0.7205
0.2027
T
T5
Varol et al.
link
0.7392
0.2754
F T
random forest
Wei et al.
link
0.7020
0.5360
T

where - represents the baseline could not scale to TwiBot-22 dataset

Precision

Precision
Botometer-feedback-2019
Cresci-2015
Cresci-2017
Cresci-rtbust-2019
Cresci-stock-2018
Gilani-2017
Midterm-2018
Twibot-20
Twibot-22
Abreu et al.
63.63 3.60
99.05 0.21
98.34 0.13
78.57 1.44
75.45 0.45
76.82 1.20
97.28 0.07
72.20 0.52
50.92 0.10
Alhosseini et al.
-
87.69 1.23
-
-
-
-
-
57.81 0.43
29.99 3.08
BGSRD
27.50 28.2
86.52 0.64
75.85 0.00
58.13 11.1
52.78 0.75
25.43 23.2
84.40 0.93
67.64 2.26
22.55 30.9
BotHunter
-
98.55 0.56
98.65 0.05
81.92 2.04
84.29 0.10
78.99 0.96
99.44 0.15
72.77 0.25
68.09 0.36
Botometer
21.05 -
50.54 -
93.35 -
65.22 -
68.50 -
62.99 -
31.18 -
55.67 -
30.81 -
BotRGCN
-
95.51 1.02
-
-
-
-
-
84.52 0.54
74.81 2.22
Cresci
-
0.59 -
12.96 -
-
-
-
-
7.66 -
-
Dehghan et al.
-
96.15 0.00
-
-
-
-
-
94.72 0.00
-
Efthimion et al.
0.00 0.00
93.82 0.00
94.58 0.00
68.29 0.00
82.75 0.00
37.50 0.00
98.01 0.00
64.20 0.00
77.78 0.00
EvolveBot
-
85.03 3.77
-
-
-
-
-
66.93 0.60
56.38 0.40
FriendBot
-
95.29 1.62
77.55 0.81
-
-
-
-
72.64 0.52
-
GCN
-
95.59 0.69
-
-
-
-
-
75.23 3.08
71.19 1.28
GAT
-
96.10 0.71
-
-
-
-
-
81.39 1.18
76.23 1.39
GraphHist
-
73.12 0.10
-
-
-
-
-
51.27 0.20
-
Hayawi et al.
25.00 0.06
92.96 0.03
95.47 0.01
48.82 0.01
50.73 0.03
51.44 0.05
85.30 0.00
71.61 0.01
80.00 0.27
HGT
-
94.80 0.49
-
-
-
-
-
85.55 0.31
68.22 2.71
SimpleHGN
-
95.68 0.90
-
-
-
-
-
84.76 0.46
72.57 2.79
Kantepe et al.
-
81.30 1.40
83.00 0.90
-
-
-
-
63.40 2.10
78.60 1.80
Knauth et al.
57.41 0.00
85.70 0.00
91.56 0.00
57.41 0.00
99.89 0.00
35.17 0.00
99.91 0.00
96.56 0.00
-
Kouvela et al.
48.00 4.47
99.54 0.18
99.24 0.13
82.27 2.00
82.17 0.46
79.69 1.09
97.56 0.04
79.33 0.44
69.30 0.14
Kudugunta et al.
56.67 10.8
100.0 0.00
98.53 0.19
66.09 2.35
54.87 0.47
85.44 2.42
99.06 0.16
80.40 0.60
44.31 0.00
Lee et al.
58.97 3.29
98.65 0.14
99.56 0.08
79.37 2.97
84.75 0.42
77.58 1.31
97.36 0.07
76.60 0.37
67.23 0.29
LOBO
-
98.47 0.63
99.30 0.08
-
-
-
-
74.83 0.08
75.43 0.15
Miller et al.
0.00 0.00
72.07 0.00
77.21 0.18
52.17 0.00
54.78 0.00
48.89 0.00
83.85 0.00
60.71 0.20
29.46 0.00
Moghaddam et al.
-
98.33 0.26
-
-
-
-
-
72.29 0.67
67.61 0.10
NameBot
45.45 0.00
76.81 0.00
80.39 0.03
65.00 0.00
58.34 0.00
58.21 0.00
86.93 0.00
58.72 0.00
67.73 0.00
RGT
-
96.38 0.59
-
-
-
-
-
85.15 0.28
75.03 0.85
RoBERTa
-
97.58 0.27
92.43 0.99
-
-
-
-
73.88 1.06
63.28 0.90
Rodriguez-Ruiz et al.
-
78.64 0.00
79.47 0.00
-
-
-
-
61.60 0.00
33.23 0.00
Santos et al.
50.00 0.00
72.86 0.00
81.71 0.00
75.68 0.00
65.39 0.00
32.26 0.00
88.05 0.00
62.73 0.00
-
SATAR
-
90.66 0.67
-
-
-
-
-
81.50 1.45
-
SGBot
59.70 3.91
99.45 0.20
98.26 0.17
83.08 2.60
83.90 0.29
82.68 1.88
99.35 0.22
76.40 0.40
73.11 0.18
T5
-
91.04 0.29
94.48 0.65
-
-
-
-
72.19 0.84
63.27 0.71
Varol et al.
-
92.22 0.66
-
-
-
-
-
78.04 0.61
75.74 0.31
Wei et al.
-
91.70 1.70
85.90 1.90
-
-
-
-
61.00 2.10
62.70 1.80

Recall

Recall
Botometer-feedback-2019
Cresci-2015
Cresci-2017
Cresci-rtbust-2019
Cresci-stock-2018
Gilani-2017
Midterm-2018
Twibot-20
Twibot-22
Abreu et al.
46.66 3.00
62.13 0.97
91.97 0.69
89.18 1.40
75.67 0.73
58.87 2.75
98.63 0.08
82.81 0.51
11.73 0.06
Alhosseini et al.
-
97.16 0.81
-
-
-
-
-
95.69 1.93
56.75 17.69
BGSRD
8.57 8.52
95.56 2.02
100.0 0.00
35.14 20.6
70.40 26.1
60.00 54.8
97.66 3.66
73.19 7.49
19.90 27.2
BotHunter
-
91.48 4.16
85.40 0.19
83.02 2.95
79.92 0.54
62.29 3.47
99.66 0.06
86.75 0.46
14.07 0.12
Botometer
57.14 -
98.95 -
99.69 -
100.0 -
94.96 -
89.91 -
87.88 -
50.82 -
69.80 -
BotRGCN
-
99.17 0.25
-
-
-
-
-
90.19 1.72
46.80 2.76
Cresci
-
66.67 -
95.30 -
-
-
-
-
67.47 -
-
Dehghan et al.
-
83.88 0.00
-
-
-
-
-
82.19 0.00
-
Efthimion et al.
0.00 0.00
94.38 0.00
89.23 0.00
75.68 0.00
58.02 0.00
2.80 0.00
94.04 0.00
70.63 0.00
16.76 0.00
EvolveBot
-
95.83 0.66
-
-
-
-
-
72.81 0.41
8.04 0.05
FriendBot
-
100.0 0.00
100.0 0.00
-
-
-
-
88.94 0.59
-
GCN
-
98.81 0.20
-
-
-
-
-
87.62 3.31
44.80 1.71
GAT
-
99.11 0.51
-
-
-
-
-
89.53 0.87
44.12 1.65
GraphHist
-
100.0 0.00
-
-
-
-
-
99.05 0.20
-
Hayawi et al.
17.78 0.06
79.31 0.02
92.19 0.03
81.25 0.09
71.16 0.07
28.00 0.13
98.64 0.00
83.50 0.04
14.99 0.05
HGT
-
99.11 0.12
-
-
-
-
-
91.00 0.57
28.03 2.60
SimpleHGN
-
99.29 0.40
-
-
-
-
-
92.06 0.51
32.90 1.64
Kantepe et al.
-
75.30 1.20
76.10 1.10
-
-
-
-
61.00 1.90
46.80 1.30
Knauth et al.
59.09 0.00
97.40 0.00
95.35 0.00
51.24 0.00
88.83 0.00
44.00 0.00
83.99 0.00
76.30 0.00
-
Kouvela et al.
20.00 4.71
96.79 0.75
98.98 0.18
80.00 1.48
78.78 0.18
57.20 2.42
98.92 0.06
95.17 0.14
19.17 0.04
Kudugunta et al.
45.33 8.69
60.95 0.21
85.88 0.37
50.67 1.21
47.54 0.60
35.14 1.70
90.24 0.66
33.47 1.30
61.98 0.00
Lee et al.
44.00 3.65
98.46 0.14
99.13 0.00
86.45 1.44
80.30 0.63
60.19 2.15
98.37 0.10
83.66 0.69
19.65 0.15
LOBO
-
99.05 0.13
96.13 0.39
-
-
-
-
87.81 0.37
25.91 0.20
Miller et al.
0.00 0.00
100.0 0.00
99.11 0.11
37.50 0.00
58.89 0.00
77.19 0.00
99.81 0.00
97.44 0.47
97.89 0.01
Moghaddam et al.
-
59.23 0.32
-
-
-
-
-
84.38 1.03
21.02 0.07
NameBot
33.33 0.00
91.12 0.00
91.79 0.00
70.27 0.00
64.13 0.00
36.45 0.00
96.82 0.00
70.47 0.00
0.03 0.00
RGT
-
99.23 0.15
-
-
-
-
-
91.06 0.80
30.10 0.17
RoBERTa
-
94.11 0.58
96.27 1.05
-
-
-
-
72.38 2.05
12.27 1.22
Rodriguez-Ruiz et al.
-
99.11 0.00
92.88 0.00
-
-
-
-
98.75 0.00
81.32 0.00
Santos et al.
13.33 0.00
85.80 0.00
84.40 0.00
75.68 0.00
64.95 0.00
9.35 0.04
97.24 0.00
58.13 0.00
-
SATAR
-
99.88 0.16
-
-
-
-
-
91.22 1.82
-
SGBot
45.33 2.98
63.67 1.31
90.86 0.39
81.62 2.26
81.03 0.90
63.62 2.17
99.66 0.20
94.91 0.69
24.32 0.09
T5
-
87.71 0.66
90.26 0.54
-
-
-
-
69.05 1.46
12.09 1.43
Varol et al.
-
97.40 0.90
-
-
-
-
-
84.37 0.67
16.83 0.21
Wei et al.
-
75.30 1.50
72.10 1.50
-
-
-
-
54.00 2.70
46.80 1.40

F1

F1
Botometer-feedback-2019
Cresci-2015
Cresci-2017
Cresci-rtbust-2019
Cresci-stock-2018
Gilani-2017
Midterm-2018
Twibot-20
Twibot-22
Abreu et al.
53.84 3.03
76.36 0.72
95.04 0.30
83.54 1.04
76.93 0.58
66.66 0.10
97.95 0.03
77.14 0.46
53.44 0.09
Alhosseini et al.
-
92.17 0.36
-
-
-
-
-
72.07 0.48
38.10 5.93
BGSRD
13.03 13.0
90.80 0.60
86.27 0.00
41.08 13.0
58.18 12.1
35.72 32.6
90.50 1.09
70.05 2.60
21.14 29.0
BotHunter
49.57 3.12
97.22 0.96
91.60 3.12
82.90 1.88
82.17 0.20
69.18 1.04
99.59 0.02
79.09 0.36
23.46 0.09
Botometer
30.77 -
66.90 -
96.12 -
78.95 -
79.59 -
77.39 -
46.03 -
53.13 -
42.75 -
BotRGCN
-
97.30 0.53
-
-
-
-
-
87.25 0.73
57.50 1.42
Cresci
-
1.17 -
22.81 -
-
-
-
-
13.69 -
-
Dehgan
-
88.34 0.00
-
-
-
-
-
76.20 0.00
-
Efthimion et al.
0.00 0.00
94.10 0.00
91.83 0.00
71.79 0.00
68.21 0.00
05.22 0.00
95.98 0.00
67.26 0.00
27.58 0.00
EvolveBot
-
90.07 1.98
-
-
-
-
-
69.75 0.50
14.09 0.08
FriendBot
-
97.58 0.84
87.35 0.52
-
-
-
-
79.97 0.34
-
GCN
-
97.17 0.43
-
-
-
-
-
80.86 0.68
54.96 0.91
GAT
-
97.58 0.15
-
-
-
-
-
85.25 0.38
55.86 1.01
GraphHist
-
84.47 8.23
-
-
-
-
-
67.56 0.30
-
Hayawi et al.
20.49 0.06
85.56 0.01
93.78 0.01
60.87 0.03
60.75 0.06
34.67 0.11
91.48 0.00
77.05 0.02
24.74 0.08
HGT
-
96.93 0.24
-
-
-
-
-
88.19 0.19
39.60 2.11
SimpleHGN
-
97.28 0.39
-
-
-
-
-
88.25 0.18
45.44 1.65
Kantepe et al.
-
78.17 1.42
79.41 1.27
-
-
-
-
62.23 2.06
58.71 1.61
Knauth et al.
41.27 0.00
91.18 0.00
93.42 0.00
54.15 0.00
94.03 0.00
39.10 0.00
91.26 0.00
85.24 0.00
37.09 0.00
Kouvela et al.
28.10 5.27
98.15 0.38
99.11 0.06
81.10 1.03
80.44 0.23
66.57 1.72
98.23 0.05
86.53 0.26
30.03 0.04
Kudugunta et al.
49.61 8.20
75.74 0.16
91.74 0.17
49.22 1.28
50.94 0.38
49.75 2.10
94.45 0.32
47.26 1.35
51.67 0.00
Lee et al.
50.34 3.16
98.56 0.11
99.35 0.04
82.74 1.79
82.46 0.36
67.78 1.81
97.87 0.07
79.98 0.50
30.41 0.20
LOBO
-
98.76 0.26
97.69 0.18
-
-
-
-
80.80 0.20
38.57 0.23
Miller et al.
0.00 0.00
83.77 0.00
86.80 0.07
43.64 0.00
56.76 0.00
59.86 0.00
91.14 0.00
74.81 0.26
45.29 0.00
Moghaddam et al.
-
73.93 0.21
-
-
-
-
-
77.87 0.71
32.07 0.03
NameBot
38.46 0.00
83.36 0.00
85.71 0.02
67.53 0.00
61.10 0.00
44.83 0.00
91.61 0.00
65.06 0.00
0.50 0.00
RGT
-
97.78 0.24
-
-
-
-
-
88.01 0.41
42.94 1.85
RoBERTa
-
95.86 0.19
94.30 0.18
-
-
-
-
73.09 0.59
20.53 1.71
Rodriguez-Ruiz et al.
-
87.70 0.00
85.65 0.00
-
-
-
-
63.10 0.00
56.57 0.00
Santos et al.
21.05 0.00
78.80 0.00
83.03 0.00
75.68 0.00
65.17 0.00
14.49 0.00
92.42 0.00
60.34 0.00
-
SATAR
-
95.05 0.34
-
-
-
-
-
86.07 0.70
-
SGBot
49.60 3.43
77.91 0.13
94.61 0.19
82.26 1.73
82.34 0.11
72.10 0.19
99.52 0.02
84.90 0.42
36.59 0.18
T5
-
89.35 0.26
92.32 0.11
-
-
-
-
70.57 0.39
20.27 2.03
Varol et al.
-
94.73 0.42
-
-
-
-
-
81.08 0.48
27.54 0.26
Wei et al.
-
82.65 2.21
78.43 1.66
-
-
-
-
57.33 3.19
53.61 1.36

Test1

model
Acc
F1
precision
recall
Moghaddam et al.
89.41 0.30
24.98 2.72
16.57 1.97
50.79 4.25
SGBot
91.87 0.11
47.43 1.21
76.16 2.31
34.48 1.56
BotHunter
91.44 0.12
40.39 0.32
78.28 3.11
27.24 0.52
GAT
91.14 0.45
47.00 2.92
64.83 4.31
36.95 3.04
BotRGCN
88.74 0.29
65.89 1.62
79.82 2.53
56.23 3.24
RGT
92.8 0.45
23.39 4.61
58.33 11.78
14.66 2.98

Test2

model
Acc
F1
precision
recall
Moghaddam et al.
83.93 0.28
18.49 0.95
11.58 0.59
45.94 3.35
SGBot
84.72 0.31
26.00 2.80
54.55 2.80
17.11 2.28
BotHunter
85.63 0.31
23.38 1.55
73.67 9.81
13.95 1.18
GAT
84.93 0.23
30.47 2.64
55.64 2.02
21.05 2.46
BotRGCN
85.59 0.68
55.45 2.77
67.45 2.74
47.17 3.65
RGT
87.1 1.19
38.02 7.21
58.50 10.18
28.57 6.68

Test3

model
Acc
F1
precision
recall
Moghaddam et al.
87.61 0.20
22.34 1.78
14.48 1.26
49.00 2.74
SGBot
89.52 0.13
38.96 1.77
68.97 1.57
27.18 1.85
BotHunter
89.53 0.12
33.77 0.45
76.62 2.45
21.66 0.25
GAT
89.09 0.38
40.58 2.68
61.84 3.50
30.28 2.75
BotRGCN
87.92 0.51
59.46 2.36
76.88 3.71
48.66 3.76
RGT
89.6 0.72
26.89 4.71
56.49 11.34
18.05 3.63

Citation

Please cite TwiBot-22 if you use the TwiBot-22 dataset or this repository

@inproceedings{fengtwibot,
  title={TwiBot-22: Towards Graph-Based Twitter Bot Detection},
  author={Feng, Shangbin and Tan, Zhaoxuan and Wan, Herun and Wang, Ningnan and Chen, Zilong and Zhang, Binchi and Zheng, Qinghua and Zhang, Wenqian and Lei, Zhenyu and Yang, Shujie and others},
  booktitle={Thirty-sixth Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems Datasets and Benchmarks Track}
}

How to contribute

  1. New dataset: convert the original data to the TwiBot-22 defined schema.
  2. New baseline: load well-formatted dataset from the dataset directory and define your model.

Welcome PR!

Questions?

Feel free to open issues in this repository! Instead of emails, Github issues are much better at facilitating a conversation between you and our team to address your needs. You can also contact Zhaoxuan Tan through tanzhaoxuan at stu.xjtu.edu.cn.

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